Theme

The Kingdom

A small country with a big story.

Photo: By Hamiyet - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 nl, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28351008

The story of The Kingdom

The Netherlands has been a kingdom since 1815, but the House of Orange shaped the country centuries earlier. Together with trade across the seas, the women who kept everything running at home and the explorers who mapped the world, it explains how a small river delta became a world player and a nation of culture.

This story starts in 1568, with the revolt led by William of Orange, and runs to today. Along the way you meet the Golden Age, the VOC and the WIC, the paintings that stadholders and kings collected and that now hang in public museums, and the royal foundations that still support the arts and initiatives that bring people together. The timeline below sums it up, with the place where you can still see each moment. Pick a colour to follow one story.

  • 1575William of Orange founds Leiden University
  • 1815the Netherlands becomes a kingdom
  • 1822the Mauritshuis opens as the royal picture gallery

From the Golden Age to today

Pick a colour to follow one story. Every moment shows where you can still see it.

  1. 1568
    House of Orange

    The Revolt begins

    William of Orange leads the revolt against the Spanish king. It is the start of the Eighty Years' War and of the Netherlands as a country of its own.

    See it at: Museum Prinsenhof Delft →
  2. 1575
    House of Orange

    A university for Leiden

    William of Orange founds the first university of the northern Netherlands in Leiden, after the city's siege.

    See it at: Academy Building, Leiden
  3. 1584
    House of Orange

    The Father of the Nation is murdered

    William of Orange is shot dead in Delft. His tomb in Delft's Nieuwe Kerk becomes the burial place of the House of Orange.

    See it at: Prinsenhof → and Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
  4. 1602
    Sea, VOC & WIC

    The VOC is founded

    Six cities pool their trade with Asia. The wealth that follows, paid for with violence and slavery, changes the country.

    See it at: Het Scheepvaartmuseum, Amsterdam
  5. 1609
    The world

    Henry Hudson sails for the VOC

    Looking for a route to Asia, Hudson takes the Halve Maen up the river that will bear his name, where New Amsterdam will grow.

    See it at: Het Scheepvaartmuseum, Amsterdam
  6. 1621
    Sea, VOC & WIC

    The West India Company

    The WIC is given the trade with Africa and the Americas. It founds New Amsterdam and plays a major role in the transatlantic slave trade.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum →, Amsterdam
  7. 1633
    Women

    Judith Leyster, master painter

    Judith Leyster is registered as a master in the Haarlem painters' guild, one of the first women to do so, with her own workshop and pupils.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum → and Frans Hals Museum →
  8. 1636
    Women

    The first woman student

    Anna Maria van Schurman attends lectures at the new University of Utrecht, behind a screen, as the first woman at a Dutch university.

    See it at: Museum Martena, Franeker
  9. 1642
    The world

    Abel Tasman sights New Zealand

    Sailing for the VOC, Tasman reaches a land later named after the Dutch province of Zeeland.

    See it at: Abel Tasman Kabinet, Lutjegast
  10. 1648
    House of Orange

    Peace and an Orange Hall

    The Peace of Münster recognises the Republic. Amalia van Solms has the Oranjezaal painted in Huis ten Bosch in honour of her husband Frederik Hendrik.

    See it at: Huis ten Bosch, The Hague
  11. 1658
    The world

    New Haarlem

    In New Netherland the village of Nieuw Haarlem is founded: today's Harlem in New York.

    See it at: Haarlem
  12. 1699
    Women

    Maria Sibylla Merian sails to Suriname

    At 52, the artist and naturalist travels to Suriname with her daughter to draw insects and plants.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum →, Amsterdam
  13. 1774
    Art

    The first public museum

    Stadholder William V opens his picture gallery in The Hague to visitors: the Prince William V Gallery.

    See it at: Prince William V Gallery, The Hague
  14. 1800
    Art

    A national art gallery

    The National Art Gallery opens in Huis ten Bosch: the core of the later Rijksmuseum.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum →, Amsterdam
  15. 1815
    House of Orange

    The Kingdom of the Netherlands

    William I becomes the first king. The Netherlands has been a kingdom ever since.

    See it at: Paleis Het Loo →, Apeldoorn
  16. 1822
    Art

    The Mauritshuis opens

    The Royal Picture Gallery moves into the Mauritshuis, with masterpieces from the stadholders' collection.

    See it at: Mauritshuis →, The Hague
  17. 1863
    The world

    Slavery is abolished

    On 1 July slavery is abolished in Suriname and the Antilles, although the formerly enslaved are forced to keep working for ten more years. Keti Koti remembers and celebrates this every year.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum →, Amsterdam
  18. 1885
    Art

    Cuypers' Rijksmuseum

    Pierre Cuypers' new building opens in Amsterdam, designed to show off the Golden Age.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum →, Amsterdam
  19. 1940
    House of Orange

    The Prince Bernhard Fund

    A fund set up in London grows after the war into the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds, one of the main supporters of culture and nature in the Netherlands.

  20. 1980
    Art

    An artist on the throne

    Beatrix becomes queen. A sculptor herself and a great lover of ballet, she is patron of, among others, the Rembrandt Association, which helps museums buy art.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum → and museums across the country
  21. 1984
    Art

    Paleis Het Loo becomes a museum

    The palace of William III and Mary opens as a museum, with its Baroque gardens restored.

    See it at: Paleis Het Loo →, Apeldoorn
  22. 2002
    House of Orange

    The Oranje Fonds

    Marking the wedding of Willem-Alexander and Máxima, the Oranje Fonds is created to support initiatives that bring people together.

  23. 2013
    House of Orange

    King Willem-Alexander

    Willem-Alexander becomes king. The same year the Rijksmuseum reopens after ten years of renovation.

    See it at: Rijksmuseum →, Amsterdam
  24. 2023
    The world

    An apology for slavery

    On Keti Koti, 1 July, King Willem-Alexander apologises for the role of the royal house and the Netherlands in slavery.

Your museum day in The Kingdom

One day, four moments. How to get the most out of your visit.

  1. 10:00MUSEUM
    Mauritshuis Start with the stadholders' paintings, on the Hofvijver.
  2. 12:30EAT
    Lunch around the Plein Terraces between the ministries, a short walk from the Hofvijver.
  3. 15:30SHOP
    Noordeinde The street along the King's working palace, full of galleries, antiques and boutiques.
  4. 19:00SLEEP
    Around the Lange Voorhout Stay among the old city palaces of The Hague.

What to do in The Kingdom

Six places to complete your museum day.

  1. 01

    Museum Prinsenhof Delft →

    William of Orange was murdered in this former convent in 1584, and the bullet holes are still in the wall. The museum tells the story of the Father of the Nation and the birth of the Netherlands.

    Delft1 to 2 hours
  2. 02

    Leiden University

    The oldest university in the Netherlands, founded by William of Orange in 1575. Juliana, Beatrix and Willem-Alexander all studied here. Walk past the Academy Building on the Rapenburg and visit the Hortus botanicus.

    Leiden1 hour
  3. 03

    Mauritshuis →

    The royal picture gallery opened here in 1822. Rembrandt, Vermeer and Steen hang in a 17th-century city palace on the Hofvijver, with the Prince William V Gallery of 1774 next door.

    The Hague2 hours
  4. 04

    Paleis Het Loo →

    The hunting palace of stadholder-king William III and Mary Stuart, with one of the finest Baroque gardens in Europe. A museum since 1984, and larger since its 2023 renewal, with new halls beneath the forecourt.

    ApeldoornHalf a day
  5. 05

    Royal Palace Amsterdam

    Built as the city hall in the Golden Age and now one of the King's working palaces. When there is no state visit or reception, you can walk through the marble Citizens' Hall.

    Amsterdam1 hour
  6. 06

    Rijksmuseum →

    The national art collection, with The Night Watch at its heart. It began in 1800 as the National Art Gallery in The Hague and grew into the treasure house of the Golden Age.

    AmsterdamHalf a day
Hidden story

Leiden's reward

After a terrible siege, Leiden was given a university in 1575. According to tradition, the city was allowed to choose.

Read the storyHide the story

In 1574 Leiden was besieged for months. The city held out until the rebels reached it across the flooded land on 3 October. As a reward, so the story goes, William of Orange let Leiden choose: a few years without taxes, or a university. Leiden chose knowledge. Historians are not sure the choice really happened that way, but the university opened in February 1575. Centuries later three generations of the House of Orange studied there: Princess Juliana, Princess Beatrix, who studied law, and King Willem-Alexander, who studied history. Every 3 October Leiden still celebrates its relief, with herring and white bread.

Where: Academy Building, Rapenburg 73, Leiden

Beyond the city

Three places where the story of Orange began or can be seen, all easy from The Hague.

Train from Den Haag Centraal, approx. 15 min

Delft

Museum Prinsenhof and the Nieuwe Kerk with the tomb of William of Orange.

Route by public transport ↗
Train from Den Haag Centraal, approx. 15 min

Leiden

The oldest university in the country, the Hortus botanicus and the Burcht.

Route by public transport ↗
Train from Den Haag Centraal, approx. 1 h 45, then bus

Apeldoorn

Paleis Het Loo with its Baroque gardens and new museum halls.

Route by public transport ↗

Travel times are indicative. Live times on 9292.nl ↗.

SLEEP

Stay in The Hague, the city of Orange

The Hague is the seat of government and of the royal house: the King works at Noordeinde Palace and lives at Huis ten Bosch. It makes a good base. Delft and Leiden are fifteen minutes away by train, and Apeldoorn and Amsterdam are easy day trips.